Cutenina, I cannot seem to reproduce your error, so I guess just follow my every step outlined below exactly (I also have Vista):
1) Download the Silver Chaos version uploaded by Aarinfantasy.
2) Install the full version in Japanese, test that it runs
3) Download the 1.2 upgrade and 1.0 patch
4) Unzip the 1.2 upgrade and 1.0 patch
5) Locate the folder you installed the full version of Silver Chaos to. Mine was under Program Files (x86)/VividColor/Silver Chaos and open it
6) Copy the Patch 1.2.exe and SCpatch.exe files into the ../Silver Chaos folder. A window should pop up asking you permission to copy them to that folder, click yes.
7) Right click Patch 1.2.exe and run as administrator, click whatever okay buttons you need to
8) Right click SCpatch.exe and run as administrator, click "patch" and "okay"
9) Go to your desktop/start menu installed SC icon that you used to open the Japanese version and click it, should open in full screen
10) Click the settings/configuration/options tab (don't click start just yet)
11) Change setting from full screen to window, exit
12) click Start
Those were my exact steps running it without any error on Vista. See if that works for you? Please post any errors that occur and which part they occur at.